Free Argumentative Essays: The Ethics of Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

The Ethics of Euthanasia   â â â â â â Euthanasia, likewise leniency slaughtering, practice of closure an actual existence in order to discharge a person from a serious illness or heinous misery. The term is some of the time utilized for the most part to allude to a simple or easy passing. Intentional killing includes a solicitation by the withering patient or that individual's legitimate agent. Inactive or negative killing includes not planning something for forestall passing that is, permitting somebody to bite the dust; dynamic or then again positive killing includes making conscious move to cause a demise.   â â â â â â Euthanasia has been acknowledged both lawfully and ethically in different frames in numerous social orders. In antiquated Greece and Rome it was reasonable in a few circumstances to help other people pass on.   â â â â â â With the ascent of composed religion, killing turned out to be ethically and morally loathsome. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all hold human life hallowed and denounce willful extermination in any structure.   â â â â â â Following conventional strict standards, Western laws have for the most part thought about the demonstration of helping somebody to bite the dust a type of manslaughter subject to lawful approvals. Indeed, even a detached retention of help to forestall passing has every now and again been seriously rebuffed. Willful extermination, be that as it may, happens subtly in all social orders, incorporating those in which it is held to be corrupt and illicit.   â â â â â â Organizations supporting the sanctioning of willful killing were set up in Great Britain in 1935 and in the United States in 1938. They have increased some open help, however so far they have been not able to accomplish their objective in either country. Over the most recent couple of decades, Western laws against detached and intentional willful extermination have gradually been facilitated, despite the fact that genuine good and lawful inquiries despite everything exist.   â â â â â â Critics point to the supposed willful extermination advisory groups in Nazi Germany that were enabled to sentence and execute anybody saw as a weight to the state. This case of maltreatment of the intensity of life and demise has since quite a while ago filled in as a notice to some against permitting the act of willful extermination.   â â â â â â The professional willful extermination, or option to kick the bucket, development has gotten impressive support by the section of laws in 40 states by 1990, which permit legitimately skillful people to make living wills. These wills enable and educate specialists to retain life-emotionally supportive networks if the people become at death's door.   â â â â â â The clinical calling has for the most part been trapped in

Planning Of A Rich Media Project For Digital Portfolio

Undertaking the executives as the structure squares of different kinds of organizations holds significant jobs in characterizing the achievement or disappointment of these organizations, regardless of whether it is utilized in a regular schedule or in utilized in beacon occasions as it were. As nature changes nonetheless, venture the executives need to confront new difficulties and issues brought upon it by moving patterns in the society.Concerning venture the executives, this paper talks about how the patterns have moved and what issues are introduced despite venture the board science. At long last, I will portray how venture directors have reacted to those difficulties and make new plans of action and new undertaking administration initiatives.I. Contextual investigations and FindingsII.1.    Changing Environment: Current Trends and IssuesLimited ResourcesOne of the most evident moves in venture the executives patterns is the constrained assets accommodated each task. With the degree of rivalry and polished skill expected by speculators, venture administrators currently are relied upon to accomplish more with less. More tightly financial plans, less time and less assets are a portion of the difficulties looked by present day venture difficulties. Utilizing those restricted assets, venture administrators are relied upon to make items and offer types of assistance which are quicker, less expensive and better. The premise of the opposition is currently established in two measurements, time sensitive contemplations and cost based contemplations. The cost based measurement has been around since the start, however the expanding significance of time sensitive contemplations is the new serious edge. Organizations or task supervisors today are requested to control their cost utilizing venture the executives strategies and to convey item or administration to the market quicker than anyone.Developing a predictable approachSurveyed administrators and undertaking experts announced that building up a steady way to deal with overseeing ventures is one of the most well-known difficulties in today’s venture the executives. 24% respondents accepted that structuring the methodology toward a venture the executives procedure is the significant initial step. Some other advances are based upon the accomplishment of this initial step. It is the establishment of the entire venture. In the event that it is overseen effectively, some other advances would run easily in aftermath.However, because of the eccentrics of circumstances, venture supervisors can once in a while choose to change their methodology toward the task. As a general rule, this activity doesn't convey answers for the issues, but instead create disarray and puzzle the individuals who as of now have their attitude check out the primer methodology (‘Research’, 2003)Managing various projectsAlmost 20% of the respondents accepted that it is the allotment of assets that beco me their enormous test in dealing with their tasks. The trouble level is upgraded once the undertaking directors must deal with various tasks without a moment's delay. One of the fundamental contemplations venture supervisors must made is tied in with picking the correct tasks. 17% of the official and undertaking experts met expressed that one of the most well-known issues for organizations is that they pick an excessive number of tasks to oversee or they pick an inappropriate projects.Deciding to oversee ventures without the correct premise of contemplations will produce imperfect final product and consequently defective corporate notoriety. In dealing with numerous ventures, the degree of the difficulties, regardless of whether they are from the cost-based contemplations or the time sensitive contemplations is upgraded essentially (‘Research’, 2003).Limited perceivability of undertaking activitiesAnother significant test and the one that is progressively talked about as of late is the constrained perceivability of task exercises. Expanding extent of undertaking, intricacy and expanding should be cost and time compelling improved the need to have clear perceivability all through the venture term and procedures. By the by, such a perceivability is only from time to time accessible in light of the fact that it requires critical measure of interest in IT activities and staff training.Companies depend on venture the executives more.About 72.4 undertakings inside an organization is enduring short of what one year, which makes them qualified for actualizing the task the board science 51% of these activities are viewed as unpredictable or exceptionally intricate. Practically 60% of organizations overviewed oversee ventures at the endeavor level. 44% of these overviewed organizations as of now have a set up venture office and a focal point of greatness for venture chiefs (Research, 2003).II.2.    Requirement: The New Business ModelsII.2.1. Im proving the Project ManagerIn request to manage the progressions in today’s commercial center, organizations depend on venture the executives sciences significantly more than yesterday. This is viewed as a legitimate advance since supervisors found that venture the board science contain a noteworthy upper hand to other idea of the executives. Organizations are presently providing their venture supervisors with instruments to oversee extends effectively, similar to workshops and preparing in venture the board sciences, to find out about booking methods like Gantt outlines and PERT charts. Task supervisors are likewise educated to prepare, be proactive yet adaptable and imaginative in envisioning issues because of changes inside the environment.II.2.2. Developing the Project TeamProject groups additionally got huge pouring advances. These preparation steps are performed to give ventures groups the capacity to compose venture determinations, evaluating time, creating financia l plans and arranging methodology inside the undertaking. The preparation will improve the productivity of the task group in arranging the undertaking. The more effective the arranging procedure, the simpler the usage of the undertaking becomes. Thereafter, colleagues are educated to create cooperation and group pride to help guarantee the project’s achievement. As the degree of rivalry expands, organizations understand the expanding benefit of furnishing venture supervisors and task groups with those kinds of trainingII.2.3. Developing the Information Technology Department In request to satisfy the need to have venture perceivability over its procedures, organizations and undertaking directors go to Information Technology. IT activities are the decision of 77% task administrators having been studied, Compare to 69% accepting that philosophy improvement and staff preparing are the most significant issues (Chaakravarty, nd).II.2.4. OutsourcingHaving restricted assets a nd time to oversee extends proficiently, organizations start considering redistributing the venture the executives frameworks. Over half of organizations overviewed expressed that they just have 1-9 venture chiefs on the company’s staff, others are re-appropriated. 25% of these reviewed organizations have 10-25 undertaking chiefs on staff and 39% of the organizations overviewed completely re-appropriated their venture the board work or thinking about it.

Great News Chegg Announces Exclusive Agreement With The Purdue OWL

Great News Chegg Announces Exclusive Agreement With The Purdue OWL (1) At EasyBib, a Chegg service, we constantly explore new ways to provide outstanding citation and writing help for students. That’s why we’re excited to announce our new partnership with the Purdue University Online Writing Lab, otherwise known as Purdue OWL. So, what is The Purdue OWL? The Purdue OWL has provided free writing resources to students across the globe for over 25 years, and has become synonymous with expert writing resources, including help with citations. Maintained by the Writing Lab in the university’s College of Liberal Arts, the Purdue OWL is dedicated to helping students become better writers. With an exclusive agreement to integrate Purdue OWL content, Chegg will further build on and improve its writing tools, such as the EasyBib Plus grammar and plagiarism checker, and looks forward to receiving insight from the OWL team when planning product developments. What does this mean for me? The aim is to give EasyBib users like you easy access to expert resources and writing tools that continuously improve. To accomplish this, we plan to integrate expert content from the Purdue OWL into the AI-powered EasyBib Plus paper checker. Upon full integration, papers you upload into the EasyBib Plus paper checker will receive AI-enabled instant feedback on grammar, spelling, as well as  be reviewed using Purdue OWL’s rules and standards.  This partnership will help EasyBib build world-class tools, whether it be for citing or writing, that you can easily use whenever you need it. It’s a writer’s dream come true! See additional details about Purdue OWL, Chegg, and the partnership in the official press release. Find help on MLA format, APA citations, Chicago Manual of Style, and more at /.

The Accuracy Of An Individual s Memory - 1506 Words

Eyewitness report or testimony refers to an account by people of an event they have witnessed. These are commonly used for criminal conviction by judges and jurors. It is a product of reconstructive memory where we piece together bits of stored information that seems real and accurate. The accuracy of an individual’s memory comes into question as it could lead to wrongful conviction. Some factors affecting accuracy of eyewitness reports include confirmation bias, misinformation effect and influence of violence and anxiety. The first part of the essay will explain these factors; the second part will discuss the ability to retrieve information from our long-term memory. Eyewitness testimony can be affected by confirmation bias. It is defined as â€Å"a tendency for eyewitness memory to be distorted by the eyewitness’s prior expectations†, (Eysenck and Keane, 2015, p.321). Barlett (1932) argues that schema causes the distortion. Schemas are generalized ideas or pack ets of knowledge stored in long-term memory. It is a cognitive framework to help us organize and construct memories based on expectations and our existing assumptions about the world. In the event of new situations like witnessing a crime, the information encoded into memory will not correspond exactly to what was encountered. An example would be study conducted by Bartlett (1932), where British participants were asked to memorize a Native American storybook. The story became significantly shorter, details were lost, andShow MoreRelatedAccuracy Of The And How Fast A Person Can Complete A Certain Amount Of Math Problems1567 Words   |  7 Pages Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff in Mathematics Unjanee’ Wright Wright State University Psychology 3020L-05 TA: Joseph Glavan â€Æ' The purpose of this study is to determine how accurate, and how fast a person can complete a certain amount of math problems within only a few mins; then, determine how this relates to stress. It is important to see how much mathematics a student knows, and how the pressure affects them. Doing this study could decrease students’ anxiety levels when it comes to taking a mathematicsRead MoreDetermining The Accuracy Of Testimony Of Eyewitnesses?1166 Words   |  5 Pages6. What factors should be taken into account when evaluating the accuracy of testimony of eyewitnesses? (10 points) Eyewitness testimony plays a huge role in the courtroom for juries. There are several factors that should be taken into account when evaluating the accuracy of testimony of eyewitnesses; if the witness was able to see the offender, the level of the witness’s attention, how accurately the witness described the offender, the witness’s confidence, and the amount of time between seeingRead MoreEyewitness Testimony Essay1166 Words   |  5 Pages The Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony is a major topic in our society. Eyewitness Testimony is often used during crime scene investigations. Although a Testimony by a bystander or a victim regarding an incident is a great tool for further investigation, testimonies are often times false and can lead to false accusations. The research question, how accurate is eyewitness testimony, will be studied. The purpose for this project is to determine the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. The hypothesisRead MoreEssay on Problems with Eye witness Testimony1395 Words   |  6 Pagesof our criminal justice system. Although, there has been many controversy debates on whether to allow the continuation of these testimonies in court, and allow it to be used as evidence. Eyewitness testimony can either be harmful or useful for an individual. We must fully analysis and see what certain factors (psychological, and age wise) come into the equation before coming up with final conclusions. A case study titled Problems with Eyewitness Testimony talks about a famous Canadian case in whichRead MoreFinding False Memories Of The Mall1446 Words   |  6 Pagespeople might argue that getting lost in the mall is too common of an experience to demonstrate false memories. For this argument, Hyman et al. constructed an experiment to show the occurrence of false memories in less that common childhood events including spilling punch at a wedding and a sprinkler system going off a at grocery store. For one variation of this study, Hyman et al. implanted the memory of an overnight hospitalization with a high fever, and possible ear infection. The participants wereRead MorePersonal Narrative Memories : A Phenomenon That Occur Directly From The Discovery Of A Shocking Event Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesFlashbulb memories are a phenomenon that occur directly from the discovery of a shocking event. People who witness tend to report that they remember very clear details about the sit uation surrounding the event such as, the place they were at the time and what they where doing. Some experiences are unique and distinctive such as 9/11 and this kind of an event has been considered to be a main contributor to the accuracy of flashbulb memories (Brewer, 1988). The study states that people who where closeRead MoreThe Population Keeps Aging, Alzheimer s Disease ( Ad )1549 Words   |  7 PagesIntro As the population keeps aging, Alzheimer s Disease (AD) is becoming a more significant public health issue. The prevalence of AD is expected to reach 34 million worldwide by 2025 (Mount 2006) and with the aging demographic, early diagnosis and treatment of AD is gaining importance. Cognitive decline and altered brain function related to AD has been shown to be present years before the clinical onset of the disorder through functional brain imaging techniques (Prvulovic 2011). Emphasis hasRead MoreDoes Face Recognition Play A Part Of How Quickly People Are Able Recall Names Or Occupations?819 Words   |  4 Pagesfact that it requires a lot of processing before our memory essentially recognises the object. They were 30 digital images of faces from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces database which were used for the study (Lundqvist, Flykt, Ãâ€"hman, 1998). The 30 digital images were all males, wearing grey t-shirts; and had their eyes and mouths fixed to coordinate for image st andardization. It was hypothesised that it would be challenging for an individual to remember someone’s name than it would be to rememberRead MoreStill Alice. Living With An Insidious Cognitive Declining1656 Words   |  7 PagesStill Alice Living with an insidious cognitive declining illness, individuals diagnosed with early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease often fear losing their sense of self (Borrello et al. 2495). This theme is carried out in the film through the character of Alice, a 50 year old linguistics professor at Columbia University. The inevitable decline in memory, communication, and eventually independence strike those with the disease (Borrello et al. 2494), which will quickly affect not only themselvesRead MoreThe Verbal Comprehension Index Measures The Ee107’S Ability1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe Verbal Comprehension Index measures the EE107’s ability to access and apply acquired word knowledge. Specifically, this score reflects her ability to verbalize meaningful concepts, think about verbal information, and express herself using words. On the Similarities subtest, EE107 had challenges with identifying how two words are alike. Similarly, on the Vocabulary subtest, EE107 could provide correct definition of basic words, but she struggled to provide definitions of higher level words. On

Bachelor Criminal Justice Degree Benefits and Rewards of a Crime Scene Investigation Emphasis 2019

Many workers get started in the field of criminal justice with a high school diploma or associate degree in criminal justice. However, opportunities for advancement and higher salaries more often exist for workers who have earned a criminal justice bachelor degree. Online criminal justice schools, such as Kaplan University, are giving current professionals the chance to reap the career rewards of a bachelor criminal justice degree while maintaining the demands and responsibilities of a job in the criminal justice field. Advanced study also affords students the opportunity to delve into specific topics within criminal justice, such as crime scene investigation. Spotlight on BSCJ Options at Kaplan University: Crime Scene Investigation in Criminal Justice One of the unique features of the Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice at Kaplan University is the choice between seven areas of focus within the field of criminal justice: BSCJ/Corrections. BSCJ/Crime Analysis. BSCJ/Crime Scene Investigation. BSCJ/Forensic Psychology. BSCJ/Fraud Examination. BSCJ/Law Enforcement. BSCJ/Private Security. .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134:active, .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u426ac337b470c03c1c4662ffc5e53134:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The Perks of Joining the World of International Business DegreesStudents who choose to pursue the crime scene investigation emphasis practice how to identify, collect, and analyze evidence found at crime scenes. Crime scene investigation students also learn how to create crime scene boundaries and the appropriate process of searching for evidence within a crime scene. Kaplan boasts that its online criminal justice course options prepare students to work in investigative positions in law enforcement organizations. Earning Power with a Bachelor Criminal Justice Degree Online A brief look at data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics shows the objective value of a bachelor criminal justice degree. More education means higher earnings and lower rates of unemployment for life. On average, a professional who has earned a bachelor criminal justice degree or a bachelor degree in another discipline earns $900 per week, whereas the worker with only a high school education earns just $554 per week. Going deeper into the data, that means the bachelors degree graduate earns 62% more than the high school graduate. Over a lifetime, this adds up to major differences in total earnings. Students interested in learning more about crime scene investigation and other specialties in criminal justice education may visit College-Pages.com, the education and career resource website. Prospective students will find an extensive list of available bachelor criminal justice degree programs as well as informative articles for making education and career decisions. .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b:active, .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u29096bb5662f3309621370c61a44c17b:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career overview Retention Specialist - CounselorRelated ArticlesOnline Bachelor Degree in Criminal Justice Benefits and Rewards of a Forensic Psychology EmphasisCriminal Justice Bachelor Degree Single Parents in Colorado Find Convenience at Kaplan UniversityFind Law, Criminal Justice, Social Science Degree ProgramsBachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Working Professionals in Iowa Find Convenience at Kaplan UniversityIs a Bachelors in Criminal Justice For YouSo You Have a Criminal Justice Degree, Now What

Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction Free Essays

IMPROVING YOUTH ROLES IN POVERTY ERADICATION Poverty is one of the biggest problems that is faced by almost every nation world wide, including Indonesia. It is a clinched problem that is influenced by various factor such as income rate, access to education, public health services, environmental issues, and another basic needs. Eradicating poverty has always been discussed in both regional and international meeting and conferences, yet there is no suitable approach can be found to fight against it. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indonesia, as a developing country in Asia, has more than thirty million people living under poverty line. Government has been trying to actuate many program that seemingly can reduce the number of poverty. It is essential to be perceived that poverty is not only individual problem, this is also considered as structural problem which means that it needs an integrated method and approach to handle it. Regarding this, government is not the only party that has responsibility to work on poverty eradication, it’s a must that the society be involved in. Talking about society participation in reducing poverty numbers, youth is the most potential element that has a role as the agent of changes that carries out social missions to better a country’s life. Young people need to play a key role in shaping the future of their nations and communities and yet they are often excluded from the decision making processes. They should be at the forefront of global change and innovation. Empowered, they can be key agents for development and peace. Youth has fresh, creative ideas and perspectives which can be very helpful in finding solutions to development problems. However, this is not going to run smoothly if young people has no concern about the future life of their country nor have any sense of belonging to the country which will be the obstacles to the government to succeed this approach. Attracting young people to actively and productively engaged in government program of empowerment is the prior task. This has to be started from a very early level of education, young people has to have a great empathy toward social issues. This feeling of empathy will bring them closer to concrete actions and efforts to fight against poverty. Youth can take a part in different ways, those are: 1) giving help in fundraising or charity event, this can help many lives to get better access to basic needs and provide them a better living standard, 2) conducting social projects related to poverty reduction, youth as social control can attempt many social projects in distinctive areas in order to help government works on society empowerment and address local development challenges in their communities, 3) contributing ideas and initiatives towards government policy, youth is the representative of the whole citizen can work together to find the best solution for fight against poverty and for sure build a strong relations between the state and society by collaborating with youth â€Å"champions† within government, 4) being a social entrepreneur, it is a sort of entrepreneur who runs a business whose profit is going to be allocated to the poor, 5) getting involved in youth organizations for change, this is kind of organizati ons which is being spread out around the globe, it helps young people develop their skills and awareness towards social and environmental issues and 6) advocacy, generally defined as an action for carrying out public interest, youth in advocacy can give important contribution in monitoring service provision at different levels. How to cite Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction, Papers

Reflection Report

Question: This report states the different stages of my learning process at APIC College where I pursued a management degree. It starts by giving a brief introduction about my past and then moves on to elaborate the skills and expertise I had possessed before joining the college. Answer: Introduction Was successful in completing mine under graduation which was concerning public administration. During my undergraduate course the subjects that I had to go through ranged from sociology, law, political science, public policy, etc. Apart from the technical knowledge I was able to develop soft skills regarding managing my work and adhering to strict deadlines. I was also entrusted to work in a group environment which was a learning experience for me since those were first days of my working in a team. All these new opportunities shape my character which I feel helped me to achieve whatever I have done till today. I also worked for some time which helped me in understanding the importance of strategic planning and budgeting. These qualities are much curtailed for any work that I pursue in the future and would give me a hand in establishing my professional life on firm footing. Then I decide to join APIC College for a management degree since while working I understood that although having knowledge in a particular field and developing expertise to become a specialist is necessary there is also an explicit demand in the job market which expects every candidate to manage complex situations, collaborate with multiple stakeholders and have an analytical view about any topic or issue. All these prompted me to pursue a career in the management domain. The initial few days were quite hectic as I was still acclimatising with the new environment and trying to develop support systems for me in the institute. I had joined the institute with few expectations in mind which can collate as follows: As there would be students from diverse backgrounds, my aim was to develop an excellent cultural and social rapport with them Managerial and technical competencies which are of utmost importance to excel in any job were on my priority list After completion of the course, my wish was to join employment in the marketing or finance industry My aim would be to correctly implement whatever knowledge I was able to gather while studying in the college in real life scenarios so that I can gain from my Management degree. With this aim, I had pursued the course in APIC college and how was able to increase the learning outcomes from the different sections of the course have been detailed in the following discussion. Competencies Achieved Socio-cultural and personal competencies As per my aim and target I had classified the socio-cultural and political skills into separate buckets which were attitude, commitment, creativity innovation, cultural empathy, leadership, learning and self-direction. In all these aspects I also thought of creating three benchmarks for me to achieve which included a set target, my performance in meeting this goal while how my peers fared in those attributes throughout the semester. I made an attempt to graphically represent these characteristics before and after the work which shows stark improvement in my competency level. A tabular commentary on each of such attribute has been given below: Competency Level Achieved Evidence Generic Informed During the first semester, numerous project works had to be done, and there were several reworks also instructed by the mentor. I was always sincere in listening to such advisers together with my team. This procedure helped me in judging my competencies and set targets accordingly. Working in a group environment has been particularly helpful since it initiated a sense of collaboration and cooperation among all the members. I had been a significant contributor in the group task and was able to submit a successful project. Leadership Informed Leadership is a quality which has become quintessential for any managerial function. While working for the team, I had the opportunity to lead them in several instances. I was involved in distributing the work among my team members and also monitored each one's progress together with keeping up my work. Commitment Informed Performing in any group requires commitment. I understood the importance of engagement when you take up a task or is responsible for it. This attribute was developed in me because of the numerous projects that I had to do while working for my team. Attitude Informed Attitude is something which is developed slowly and through considerable efforts. Attitude to perform and that too accurately is essential to perform in a highly competitive environment. I have moulded myself in an attitude which is humble and collaborative while I work in a team. I believe this will help me to go a long way while working on further projects in future. Self-direction Informed Self-direction is an attribute which is developed when one finds satisfaction in the work that he or she does. I was lucky enough to get formal education and then join a management course which involved expertise on a whole lot of subjects. I understood this to be my proper calling, and I decided to make a career in the management field of finance or marketing. This is the self-direction that I achieved while working in teams for dedicated projects. Cultural empathy Informed As I collaborated with a diverse set of people from different backgrounds, it was necessary for me to understand different cultures and react accordingly while working in the team. The projects that were given to us helped me to bond together with the students from different cultures or geographies. I am indebted to the opportunities provided to me through the projects to develop a sense of cultural empathy within me. Creativity Innovation Informed As my wish is to join the marketing industry in future, it is crucial for me to develop a penchant for creativity and innovation. Creativity and innovation go hand in hand in such work environment, and I was able to trigger myself to think in different lines while working for the projects given to us as part of the course. It had gone a long way in helping me to have a creative bent of mind. Operations Management Technical Competency: I had followed a similar methodology as already explained to gauge my managerial and technical skill on operations management. I had chosen my subjects in this domain after making a thorough analysis of my existing skills and the subjects I had already studied. Again I classified the skill sets based on several attributes which are operations design which involves execution and improvement, principles of operations management and standards, laws or regulations that are prevalent. I tried to represent the skill sets in a graphical format on the target set by me, whatever I achieved and what my peers had made. An explanation of the level of competency achieved in each of the aspects is tabulated below: Competency Level Achieved Evidence Operations design, execution and improvement Informed As I worked on the projects, I understood how important it is to maintain quality and other operational based risks for any organisation. I undertook a thorough analysis of the different aspects of executive management committed by the various groups which enabled me to understand and compare the approaches of several institutes. This helped develop the skill of operations design execution. Principles of Operation Management Informed As I went through solving numerous cases related to maintenance management my knowledge about organisational structures and how they influence the functioning of a company were cleared. Standards, Laws and Regulation Informed Due diligence and adhering to the stipulated requirements is a must while operating a business in a country. The central regulators keep a close eye on the organisations for their compliance with the regulatory requirements. Competencies in Marketing and Business Communication Another favourite aspect of my study in the APIC course was the marketing and business communication. It had a unique attraction for me since I was interested in pursuing a marketing job after finishing my studies. Similar to the strategy followed in the previous two cases my motive was to judge the competency level in this subject through benchmarking a target and how far I was able to achieve that goal. Peer comparison was also made since it provides a good feedback about the efficacy of my learning. The attributes related to marketing and business communication were separated into buckets namely effective communication and efficient marketing. A graphical representation of my competencies reveals that although I had faired quite well in increasing my skill level but still it was lagging behind my peers. The skills developed in these two aspects have been interpreted graphically as follows: Competency Level Achieved Evidence Effective communication Informed As I participated in a lot of projects I had to undergo interaction with my peers and also my mentors. These enhanced my skills of business communication, and I was able to gather my thoughts to speak coherently and logically. Apart from this while submitting reports or presentation, it was also helpful in developing a thorough understanding of the communication process. Effective Marketing Informed During the project as I was learning through my first semester, it had provided me with ample opportunity to showcase my marketing capabilities which I had implemented in my projects. While it was learning on the job, I would say that my previous work experience had also helped me in honing the marketing skills. Competencies In Financial Management: Financial analysis is another aspect of business studies which is critical to establish a candidate ready for the job purpose. I had adopted a technique of graphical representation to showcase my progress in these specific skill sets. I had made a benchmark reference in the charts with my performance compared with the fulfilment of the peers. The various attributes of financial management which were judged by me are financial planning management, financial analysis and other principles of financial management. As can be observed from the graphs that I made a significant improvement in my financial skills but I still lagged behind my peers who achieved greater success in the semester. A tabular commentary on the different attributes of financial management is as follows: Competency Level Achieved Evidence Financial Analysis Informed As I worked my way through various projects while studying the course, I was subjected to the financial analysis of the different organisation. I was supposed to make a thorough analysis of the financial position of several companies and compare them. Financial Planning Management Informed While working on the different projects, I was involved in the financing, budgeting and financial control analysis of several organisations which helped me in every possible way to create a bent of mind which was necessary as a financial analyst. Principles of financial management Informed I was supposed to take part in several projects which had finance as the primary theme and delved deep upon different aspects of funding. Starting from NPV calculation for the projects at hand to preparing daily PL reports for the various transactions were some of the requirements which I had fulfilled. Taking an active participation in such jobs enabled me to develop my financial analysis skills. Conclusion: This report states the different stages of my learning process at APIC College where I pursued a management degree. It starts by giving a brief introduction about my past and then moves on to elaborate the skills and expertise I had possessed before joining the college. Then the work moves on classifying the different aspects of the subjects and studies I had undertaken in this course. My learning was mostly centred on my aspirations as I was able to find self-direction in this course. I had worked on several projects which had helped me in honing the skills required for a successful career in the management domain. This work explains in detail about the specific skills I have developed being a part of the course and resorts to charts or graphical representations to benchmark my learning process. Finally, this report should be viewed as a reflective essay about a candidate who has gained in managerial and technical expertise by taking a course in the APIC College.

George Orwell “Shooting an Elephant” free essay sample

In the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† George Orwell argues that imperialism ruins and hurts not just a countries’ economic, cultural and social structure, but has other far reaching consequences; oppression undermines the psychological, emotional and behavioral development of mankind. Orwell served his country, the British Empire, in Burma during the early 20’s as a police officer. The country was colonized by the most powerful economical leader in Europe. The only person who can have an insight look and empathy into what it felt like to be oppressed is Orwell, who lived in Burma for five years. On a daily basis he agonized over three significant issues; entering into a working field where he had insufficient knowledge, felt hatred or bullied by Burmese, and he was disgusted as a human being by recognizing what life meant for a nation that was colonized. History had enough examples of empires violating not just human rights, but intervening forcefully into other countries, robbing their natural resources, and suppressing its people for the sake of their own prosperity. We will write a custom essay sample on George Orwell â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout his essay, Orwell logically illustrates different elements of allegory such as an elephant that symbolizes the British Empire, which was enormous, powerful, and dauntlessly conquered anything that was in his way. The Burmese represent any oppressed nations on the globe that struggles to keep their culture and values alive; moreover, constantly resist against the conqueror even though that withstand was ineffective. The allegory of Indians who were colonized by Brits also symbolize a typical victim who attacks another lower ranked prey, as Albert Memmi in his thesis â€Å"Racism and Oppression† asserts that â€Å"If the French proletarian wants to feel a little taller, whom is he step on if not on the immigrant worker†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . (Memmi, pp. 183, p. 22). Orwell’s description shows a clear picture of his emotional struggles from hatred, to pressured, to stunned, to hesitant and finally strong-minded and determined to kill the enemy that represented the same feelings for the Burmese as well as for him, that is isolating himself from the imperialism. To sum up, Orwell may or may not shot an elephant, but he sends his readers a message that colonizing or forcefully intervening to other countries is not just unethical, but morally as well as economically affects millions of people lives. Moreover, it not just exploits, but significantly could undermine the entire nation future.

Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Example

Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Example Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Reasons For the failure of disarmament Essay Do you agree ? Agree that disarmament failed mainly due to the role of America . One of the aims of the League Of Nations (LOON) was to promote disarmament to ensure world peace e. Unfortunately , the US did not join the LOON due to its policy of isolationism . This was a big bal owe to the League which was deprived of the strongest country at that point of time . The us without US , the league was unable to carry out their economic sanctions successfully. In a edition , it had no Amy to carry out military sanctions . Thus although the LOON advocated cool active security, most nations were unwilling to put their national security under the LOON . In f act, Britain and France saw the LOON as a platform to discuss things and did not take things SE rigorously . Therefore the countries had no faith in disarmament and it failed. However there are other reasons for the failure of disarmament . Selfish nation ins that seek to protect their own individual security also led to the failure of disarmament . B retain and France had a huge empire to defend and thus could not afford to disarm , they also f let threatened by unionism Russia and were wary of Germany and Italy becoming a potential threat in Europe. Japan also needed to arm herself to defend against European land grab bibbing Specific . Another reason for the failure of disarmament is that ambitious and aggressive eve nations like Japan , Italy were unwilling to disarm because of their desire to expand their e empire and include more territories for various reasons Germany felt that the treaty of v resales had unfairly stripped her of much.

Analysis the UK Government's Strategy towards Work Training and Skills Essay

Analysis the UK Government's Strategy towards Work Training and Skills in the Light of the Current Economic Downturn - Essay Example This has been observed to contribute towards economic growth. This presentation attempts to look at and analyze the United Kingdom Government’s strategy towards work training and skills in the light of the current economic downturn. This entails the basic needs as aligned to work training and skills as have been focused on by the UK government as a requirement in trade, professions and general occupation (UKCES 2011: 34). It has been observed that the labour market recognizes the need to promote training beyond an individual’s novel qualifications. This work looks into such issues as well since there is a need for the nation to upgrade, maintain and update work skills in every aspect of employment so as to enhance working life in line with improving economic growth for the entire nation. The UK Government’s Strategy towards Work Training and Skills The United Kingdom’s government has in the past made strong moves and attempts to handle the potential failur es in skills trainings. It has been in the forefront with a focus aimed at improving the employees, skills and knowledge and at the same time has them undergo some relevant learning. This has been considered essential following â€Å"the government’s need to achieve sustainable growth in economy since it is importance to address it other than the country’s trends in skills trainings which have remained steady† (UKCES 2009: 34). This approach by the UK’s government is a reflection of its efforts and determinations to ensure the issues on the same are addressed effectively. However, Keith (2011: 32) notes that the government has not been able to source enough funds to help contain the problem though it has got plans put up to acquire and employ relevant resources. This will help enlarge programmes for apprenticeship especially for adults while also giving out support to people who are involved in trainings especially vocational trainings. In order to realiz e its goals for the strategy on the basis of works training and skills, the government has formulated reforms that incorporate expansions for adult apprenticeships in order that between the years 2014 and 2015 the country may boast of having 75,000 more grounds for skills trainings other than the labour plans by the government. According to UKCES 92011:46), â€Å"this will include loans from the government which will be given to 24 year old learners during the period between the years 2013 and 2014 as well as launch a growth innovation funding programmes which is deemed to have the potential of being a total of up to ?50m†. In regard to these, the government also plans to publish its skills book so as to assist both individuals and businesses to gain the relevant skills that are important in having the country achieve an increased economic strength alongside building growth that is sustainable in as far as long-term considerations on work trainings and skills are concerned. I n spite of the fact that the United Kingdom’s government has reduced the budget for further education and the expected skills, there has not been any continuation for the programmes in the protection and

Hammerhead Sharks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hammerhead Sharks - Research Paper Example The characteristic hammer shaped head of these ocean predators is called cephalofoil and is the reason why they are called hammerhead sharks. The nostrils and eyes are located at the tip of the extensions. All hammerhead sharks belong to the genus Sphyrna. There are nine identified species of Hammerhead shark and all have the characteristic projections on both sides of the head. The largest Hammerhead species, the Great Hammerhead shark, can grow up to 20 feet in length and weigh up to 1,000 pounds, although smaller sizes are more common (National Geography). The smallest of this species is the Bonnethead, which can reach an average length of 3-4 feet and can weigh up to 24 pounds (University of Florida). Cephalofoil: Structural Variations There are two main theories regarding the development of the cephalofoil. Some scientists believe that the shape evolved gradually over numerous generations, while others suggest that it was a sudden mutation that rapidly proved to be an advantage (Aquatic Community). The shape of the cephalofoil has been found to vary considerably among the various species of Hammerhead sharks. The great hammerhead has a cephalofoil that is broad and nearly flat across the front, with a single shallow notch in the center. The scalloped hammerhead is arched more and has a pronounced center notch with two matching notches on either side, giving it a scalloped appearance. The smooth hammerhead is smooth with no notches but a slight broad arch. The cephalofoil of a bonnethead is rounded at the front and resembles a shovel more than a hammer. Function of Cephalofoil Researchers are not sure about the function of cephalofoil in hammerhead sharks, but they have a few theories, some of which hold up well under research. The prominent theories which have been tested are listed below: 1. Enhanced binocular field In this study, scientist hypothesized that one of the main features of the cephalofoil is to enhance frontal binocularity (McComb et al. 4010 ). As part of this study, they compared the visual fields of three hammerhead species: the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and the winghead shark (Eusphyra blochii) with the visual field of two carcharhinid species: the lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) and the blacknose shark (Carcharhinus acronotus). Scientists also quantified the eye rotation and head yaw of these sharks in order to determine if species compensate for large blind areas anterior to the head. The study revealed that the winghead shark possessed the largest anterior binocular overlap which was nearly four times larger than that of the lemon and blacknose sharks (McComb 4013). The binocular overlap in the scalloped hammerhead sharks was greater than the bonnethead sharks and carcharhinid species (McComb et al. 4013). However, the bonnethead shark did not differ from the carcharhinids (McComb et al. 4013). The hammerhead species did not demonstrate greater eye rota tion in the anterior or posterior direction. However, both the scalloped hammerhead and bonnethead sharks exhibited greater head yaw during swimming than the lemon and blacknose sharks, indicating a behavioral compensation for the anterior blind area (McComb et al. 4013). The results indicate that hammerhead species have larger binocular overlap compared to the carcharhinid sharks which is consistent with the ‘enhanced binocular field’ hypothesis. 2. Head Morphology Scientists have conducted a comparative morphology test to determine if the sphyrnid cephalofoil offers better stereo-olfaction, increases olfactory acuity and samples a greater volume of the medium compared to the carcharhiniform sharks (Kajiura et al., Morphology 253). The broadly spaced nares provides significantly greater separation between the

Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay

Health Care Reform 2010 Health And Social Care Essay US healthcare system was inefficient despite of spending 15% of GDP during 2006 which was more than three times than in 1960. Ten years back, the health care system of USA was announced to be broken and in future it didnt improve. Managed care did not make visible the fixes promises. The rates of premium are increasing. The irritation of patients as well physicians flourish. The study shows that about 45 million people in Americans are still uninsured. In the coming future, these issues will get worse and new challenges will come on the screen. New technology is making place and it is making the things efficient, but the cost of treatment as well new test is higher then before.  Doctors are making the lives of people lengthy so now more people require the medical treatment then before. As the age of baby is increasing so they are demanding the better treatments. Owing to the increased cost, employers will not accept the status quo. Sp they exclude the benefits for new hiring. Others might leave the business of insurance business completely and will contribute only to cover the costs but will not give coverage by themselves. The number of uninsured people in America will increase because of these changes. Disenfranchised middle  class will rise in results of these changes. Employers will go for and favor this modification. The health care system of American splits the population into two groups first is insiders and second is outsiders. Insiders are those who are insured and they have good insurance so they get everything modern. No matter hoe expensive the medicine and treatment is. Outsiders are those who have poor insurance plan or nothing at all. They receive very little out of their insurance plans. About 47 million Americans are uninsured and the number is growing day by day. Insurance companies currently deny covering people with pre-existing conditions. People who have severe medical conditions like AIDS, cancer and other such diseases were not covered by the insurance companies. These people are at high-risk and thats why not covered by companies. Major employers are cutting their costs in healthcare spending to compete in the global challenging market.  [2]  Employers are denying paying insurance premiums to these workers due to high premiums and the current economic situations. Employers are shifting the economic burden towards the employees like deductibles and co-pays. Almost half of the bankrupt people are due to the high medical costs and this cost is directly or indirectly affects the economy. Hence, government has to pay more. One more problem in the current system that doctors are not paid according to their service quality. Doctors are paid very less as compared to other countries of globe like in United Kingdom, doctors are paid for 95% while in US only 30%. Lot of people even did not go to doctor due to high costs of tests, treatment or follow-up after the treatment. These higher costs associated with healthcare also stopped Americans visiting physician regularly for checkup. Also doctors do not know the history of patients due to not visiting them regularly. Americans also have high ratio of chronic diseases. This is also leads to more spending on healthcare and its availability to poor people. United States is the only country among the developed countries whose all citizens do not have access to its citizens except South Africa  [3]  . Medicare and Medicaid are two of government programs which provide medical as well as health related services to the specific group of people in USA. Both of them are different but are managed by the centers of Medicare and Medicaid which is a division of US Department of Health and Human Services. Medicaid is a program which includes means tested health and medical services for specific individuals and families who have low income and limited resources. It is primarily looked after at federal level, but each stat develops its own standards like eligibility standards; determines the amount, type, period and scope of the services; setting the rate of payment for services; administers its own Medicaid programs. As mentioned above that States is the final decision authority of planning of service which will be provided under their Medicaid program. But there are some necessary requirements which must be matched by the States to receive funding from Federal. Following are the mandatory services: Impatient and Outpatient hospital services Prenatal care Children Vaccines Service of Physician Facility of Nursing services for individuals aged 21 or older Services of Family planning with supplies Rural health clinic services Home health care for persons eligible for skilled-nursing services Laboratory and x-ray services Pediatric and family nurse practitioner services Nurse-midwife services Federally qualified health-center (FQHC) services and ambulatory services Early and periodic screening, diagnostic, and treatment (EPSDT) services for children under age 21 Besides the above, the states can add more 34 optional approved services and can receive the Federal matching funding. Although each state has the authority to set the eligibility criteria for getting the Medicaid services but basically the program has been started to help the people with low income. Other requirements may include age, pregnancy, disability, other assets and citizenship. Medicaid does not pay money to the individuals. Medicaid program works like a program provide treatment to the individuals and gives payment to the health care providers. State makes the payment while states receive reimbursement from Federal Government. Medicare is a Federal health program of insurance. It pays for elderly and certain disabled Americans to hospitals and medical care. The program is divided into 4 parts: Part A, B, C and D. But two main parts for hospitals and medical insurance are Part A B. Part A may be known as Hospitals Insurance, pays for the hospital stays and it includes meals, supplies, semi private rooms and testing. It also pays for home health care. Part B which is known as Supplementary Medical Insurance. It pays for physicians visits, home health care costs, outpatient hospitals, and other services for aged and disabled. It covers durable medical equipments, certain vaccinations, blood transfusion, lab and diagnosis tests, X-rays, chemotherapy, hormonal tests and eyeglasses. Part B requires a certain premium which caries each year. Part C is also known as Medical Advantage Plan because it allows the users to design a custom plan that can be more helpful and align to the needs of their medical needs. Part D includes the prescription drug plan. It is administered by one of many private insurance companies. Eligibility for Medicare requires a US citizen or continuous 5 years legal resident of US must be at least 65 years old or under 65 and disables or any age person with End Stage Renal Disease. Payroll taxes which are collected through Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self Employment Contributions Act are the major elements of funding for Medicare. US healthcare reforms bill 2010 will cost $940 billion over the period of ten years.  [4]  This bill will cover 32 million American people who are uninsured. Health Insurance can be purchased through state-based exchanges and financial subsidy will be offered to the income below 133 percent and 400 percent of poverty level in US. Tax relaxations will be offered to the small business to purchase employee insurances. People who are availing subsidies will not be eligible for Medicare, Medicaid and also for employer covered insurance. New tax will be imposed in 2012 at rate of 3.8 percent on income of families making over $250,000 per year. Insurance reforms will be introduced and insurance companies wont deny to the people and children with pre-existing conditions. Medicaid will expand to include 133 percent of the poverty level in United States. In 2014, everyone must purchase a insurance or face the annual fine fees. Employers who have more than 50 employees must provide insuranc e to their employees or face a fine on the basis of per worker. Illegal immigrants can not avail insurance even if they pay their own money. Abortion insurance will be paid by private money and it will not be subsidized by federal or tax payer funds. Republican offered an alternative program on the basis of four common-sense reforms which can be afforded by people of US named as Common-sense healthcare reform. It includes that all businesses and families can buy insurance across US. The second point is that individuals, small businesses and trade associations can acquire insurances at lower costs by combine efforts. It also allows states to lower costs by creating innovative reforms. The last reform is to finish the lawsuits which must be obeyed by doctors because of getting sued by Police. This will end the high cost tests and other procedures which are actually not required by the patients.

Discussion About Genetically Modified Foods Essay

Genetically modified foods: Beneficial views & Adverse views a. What is the possible risk for genetically modified crops considering nutrition and health? b. Whether the economic effects are the most important? c. Will it bring severe environment problems? III. Arguments for beneficial effects of GM foods a. Firstly, transgenic technology has made considerable progress in food applications. b. Transgenic food has successfully lowered food prices and ensured food safety. c. GM foods significantly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. Introduction The author, Magana-Gomez, critically analyzed the risk assessment methods of transgenic food for human nutrition and health in the paper, â€Å"Risk assessment of genetically modified crops for nutrition and health†. Magana reviewed various modes including different feeding period, animal modes and parameters in the paper published in 2011 by Nutrition Reviews (Magana G, 2009). In consistent with his studies, negative effects of GM food were identified â€Å"at molecular and microscopic levels†. However, with our entry into the 21st century, genetically modified foods have undergone even faster development. However, there are also many doubts about the safety of genetically modified foods. Therefore, genetically modified foods have become a hot topic issue. Personally, although there are many controversies about GM food, I still insist on the research and promotion of transgenic food due to its diverse benefits. Views According to Curieux-Belfond CL, he could identify the factors that deserve consideration before â€Å"commercialization and promotion of transgenic food† (182). In this paper, â€Å"Factors to condider before production and commercialization of aquatic genetically modified organisms: the case of transgenic salmon†, the author took transgenic salmon as an example, in which Curieux-Belfond examined the corresponding impacts in terms of aquaculture, wildlife, ecosystem and human health. The paper published in 2011 by Evironmental Science & Policy suggested that GM food undoubtedly contributed to economic benefits without exerting too much extra burden (Curieux B, 2009). In the end, the author believed that the benefits of genetically modified foods far outweigh the disadvantages. Analysis of the benefits of genetically modified foods Magana’s argument is persuasive when he assessed the risks about GM food. However, since genetic engineering techniques have successfully transferred anti-viral, insect resistance, cold resistance and other genes to cotton, wheat, tomatoes and other plants, we can get stable new varieties of genetically modified, with low production cost and high-yield food, which will ease the world food shortage and reduce the use of pesticides to a large extent. Based on the above reasons, I will provide a critical analysis with the following specific examples which show his argument is partially wrong. Firstly, transgenic technology has also made considerable progress in animal food applications. At present, a variety of mammal and bird genes are successfully integrated into the genome of fish, which can significantly enhance transgenic fish muscle protein content and improve growth speed. With the development of genetic engineering technology, people have been freed from natural enzymes to a large extent. Especially when the enzyme obtained from natural protein material encounters difficulties, genetic engineering has the unique advantages of natural gene cloning (Seralini GE, 2011). Thus, it can be highly expressed in microorganisms with mass production by fermentation. At present, the transgenic enzymes are widely used in the food industry, such as maltose enzymes amylase, pectinase and the juice protease. The food nutritional quality modified by genetic engineering has also made remarkable achievements. For instance, the genetic engineering technology has been applied for seed protein improvement, which renders it possible to change the plant composition and amino acid content. Secondly, transgenic food has successfully lowered food prices and ensured food safety, which helps increase production and food supply while reducing the farm labor and pesticide applications, agricultural inputs and production costs (Weasel LH, 2009). In the future, GM crops have great potential in solving the food crisis. For instance, by applying transgenic technology to the human staple foods of rice and wheat, people can increase food production and improve nutritional quality, which will provide mankind with higher-quality food. Furthermore, GM foods have also proved effective in alleviating poverty and hunger. The world’s poorest 50% of the population are small and resource-poor farmers, while 20% living in rural areas without their own land actually depend on agriculture. Therefore, the increase in small-scale and resource-poor farmers’ income will directly assist 70% of the world’s poorest people (Curieux-Belfond O, 2009). So far, genetically modified cotton in India, China and South Africa have already made a significant contribution to more than 1. 2 million poor farmers’ income. The benefits of genetically modified corn in the Philippines and South Africa will be much clearer in the future. In addition, genetically modified rice has great potential to benefit 250 million poor families in Asia, whose benefits will reach 10 million people (Curieux-Belfond O, 2009). Transgenic food also helps to reduce land development. Transgenic technology has been developed to improve the current 1. billion hectares of arable land productivity through conservation of biological resources, thereby reducing land development and deforestation. Thirdly, I will demonstrate such improvement since they significantly reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. Traditional agriculture has a significant impact on the environment, and transgenic biotechnology can help reduce this impact. In the first decade of appli cation of genetically modified crops, by planting herbicide and insect-resistant characteristics, transgenic technologies have greatly reduced the use of pesticides, saved fossil fuels and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. Undoubtedly, genetically modified crops with drought-tolerant genes will improve water-use efficiency and maintain sustainable agricultural development, which will play an important role in easing the crisis of population growth and global food shortage (Artemis D, 2009). GM crops have also contributed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in two main ways, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping slow climate change. First, by reducing fuel use, the spraying of insecticides and herbicides, GM crops continue to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In 2007, genetic engineering has been stated to reduce 1. billion kilograms of carbon dioxide emissions, which is equivalent to a decrease of 50 million cars from the road. Secondly, herbicide-resistant GM crops help reduce tillage applications, which protects the land and enhances soil carbon sequestration. Conclusions Despite the many advantages of GM food, we cannot ignore the risks. After genetically modified foods have been taken into th e human body, they may cause harm to human health. Moreover, after a large number of transgenic crops come into nature, they may be biologically harmful to ecosystems. Since the risks of GM food is serous, it is important for us to reflect on it first. Any of the scientific and technological developments should be comprehensive and provide well-being for human life. If genetically modified foods can only increase our economic interests and improved material life without the moral, social and environmental harmony, they cannot be defined as making great contribution to social development. Therefore, whether GM food is a benefit or a disadvantage really depends on what kind of human values people hold (Qaim M. 2009). That is the question we reflect on deeply. In contemporary society, with the rapid development of science and technology, the economic situation of the human and the material standard of living has been soaring. It seems that mankind is taking great proud for the advanced technology. However, we should look back to what the living environment we rely on is subjected to. Therefore, genetically modified foods are seen as the savior of mankind, which is actually human self-centered ideology. Of course, with the continuous development of biotechnology and genetic engineering, human beings have the ability to create more genetically modified food.

Segmentation, Target Market Selection and Positioning Practice in Automotive Industry

SEGMENTATION, TARGET MARKET SELECTION AND POSITIONING (STP) PRACTICE in AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY | Marketing Management| | CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION2 OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY2 PROCESS OF SEGMENTATION6 Demographic Features7 Age Factor7 Gender Factor7 Income Factor8 CHOICE OF TARGET MARKET9 Five Patterns of Target Market Selection9 Single-Segment Concentration9 Selective Specialization9 Product Specialization9 Market Specialization10 Full Market Coverage10 POSITIONING10 Perceptual Maps11 Value Map12 APPENDIX (TABLES)13 SOURCES18 SEGMENTATION, TARGET MARKET SELECTION AND POSITIONING PRACTICE IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY GENERAL INFORMATIONCompanies cannot connect with all customers in large, broad, or diverse markets. But they can divide such markets into groups of consumers or segments with distinct needs and wants. A company then needs to identify which market segments it can serve effectively. This decision requires a keen understanding of consumer behaviour and careful strategic thinking. T o develop the best marketing plans, managers need to understand what makes each segment unique and different [1]. Companies, instead of scattering their marketing efforts, are focusing on these consumers they have the greatest chance of satisfying.Contrast of mass marketing, nowadays, marketers 1) Identify and profile distinct groups of buyers who differ in their needs and preferences (market segmentation), 2) Select one or more market segments to enter (market targeting), 3) For each target segment, establish and communicate the distinctive benefit(s) of the company’s market offering (market positioning) [1]. OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY Motor vehicles are the products that includes a motor and are used to carry goods or passengers; they are manufactured according to some specific regulations and includes four or more wheels.The industry that manufactures these products is called â€Å"automotive main industry†. On the other hand, â€Å"automotive subsidiary industry â⠂¬  manufactures parts, modules and systems for the companies which produces vehicles. â€Å"Automotive Industry† is the sum of these two industries [2]. In this paper I’ll focus on the â€Å"automotive main industry†. The main products in this industry are automobile (personal car), bus, midibus, minibus, truck, pick-up and tractors. Table 1 shows the players of the automotive industry in Turkey.As shown in Table 1, we can see that automotive industry is very big in Turkey and data in hand shows that it is one of the first three industries in Turkey. Turkey became one of the biggest production area of the big automotive manufacturers on the world. Custom Union Agreement (1996) was one of the milestones for Turkey’s automotive industry. After this agreement, exportation has increased. In 1967, Turkey’s â€Å"local† automobile called â€Å"Anadol† was manufactured. With the begining of industrialization and developments in trade in Tu rkey, tradesman needed pick-ups.Then Otosan began to produce Anadol pick-ups. In 1971, because of the increasing interest in automobiles in Turkey, Renault branded automobiles began to be produced. Because of Turkey’s geographic conditions, like wide rural areas, Renault automobile, which was convenient for these conditions became very popular in Turkey [2]. Parallel to the improvements in automotive industry, the distribution channels of it also improved. At first, only â€Å" made in Turkey † vehicles was distributed in this network, but after 1996, imported vehicles also took place in the distribution network.Until the 1980s, the selling and after sales services were provided in small galleries, but then the service began to be provided in auto-plazas. After the 1990s, in Turkey, including multi-national companies in this industry, modern management ideas, quality, human resources management, production process, continuous development ideas, research & developme nt, marketing channels, customer demand analysis, lean-production, team work, production without stock, 6-sigma and just in time production ideas took place in automotive industry [2].Table 2 shows the Automotive Vehicles Park in Turkey and Table 3 shows the Motor Vehicles by Types and Provinces for the year 2007. As shown in Table 3, the province involves the biggest number of motor vehicles is Istanbul, and an interesting data is â€Å"the number of personal cars in Istanbul is bigger than the total amount of motor vehicles of each province†!!! Another interesting data is â€Å"the number of trucks in S? rnak, different from other provinces, is 5 times bigger than the number of personal cars!!!After the year 2001, the variety of products manufactured in Turkey increased. Technology, qualified human resources and globalization made it necessary to produce various products. In general, it was an obligation for Turkey’s automotive industry to use modern technology, to produce according to scale economy principles, and to be competetive in price and quality in international market. As a result, product diversification has emerged. In 2001 economic crisis, the capacity usage in production decreased until 29%, but today it is almost 86% [2].In 1993 exportation / production rate was 2%, but with the decrease in demand by the effect of exchange rates and economic crisis, manufacturers headed towards mostly exporting their products to other countries. In 2007 exportation / production rate was 73%, as a result [2] (see Table 4 in appendix). High rivalry in global automotive industry causes good improvements in technology. Every year new and advanced models are being produced. These models have high standards and customers prefer these models. Especially after 1997, importation from Germany has increased because of the exchange rate of Mark was under the inflation rate [2].In 2001 economic crisis, exchange rates was high and then importation began to dec rease. Despite the increase in manufacturing in Turkey, about 57% of the Turkey automotive industry provides its products by importation. As shown in Table 5, Renault, Tofas and Ford have bigger market-share in Turkey. Renault and Tofas has mostly personal cars-share and on the other hand Ford has mostly pickups-share in Turkey. When buses are considered, Mercedes has the biggest share. By July 2008, 55 kinds of brand are being sold in Turkey [2]. Improvements in technology made it necessary to merge for different companies in order to compete in market.As a result of these merges, quality and competitiveness increased. The leader manufacturer of * Personal cars is Oyak – Renault * Pick –ups is Ford Otosan * Trucks is Mercedes Benz Turk * Buses is Mercedes Benz Turk * Minibuses is Ford Otosan * Midibuses is Karsan * Tractors is Turk Traktor in Turkey. The leader exporters are Ford, Oyak – Renault, Tofas and Toyota in Turkey. The most profitable companies are For d, Oyak – Renault, Mercedes and Tofas in Turkey (According to Turkey’s ISO-500 report)[3]. In Turkey’s exportation list top-10, there are 4 automotive companies that show us the impotance of automotive industry for Turkey’s economy.Let’s look at from the global view: * World Motor Vehicle Production : Japan is leader, Turkey is not bad, but 10% of Japan. * World Commercial Vehicles Production : Turkey is in a competitive position but the leader is United States. * World Light Commercial Vehicles Production : Turkey is in a good position(in Europe, one of the two leaders). * World Personal Cars Production: Turkey’s share is only 0,1% in the world. Leader is Japan. * World Heavy Trucks Production: China is the leader. Turkey is not good enough. * World Buses Production : Russia and Turkey are leaders in Europe.China, India, Brasil and US are the leaders worldwide. PROCESS OF SEGMENTATION Almost 100 years passed after Henry Ford had said that à ¢â‚¬Å"all automobiles must be black† and produced Model-T. Now there is a very competitive environment in automotive industry and understanding customer needs, expectations and forecasting demands are very important factors. Market segmentation is one of the strategies to be competitive in this industry as I told before. General Market Segmentation Activities are as follows: 1) Define the market to be segmented (automotive products buyers, individual consumers or business buyers, or both). ) Decide how to segment (geographic, demographic, psychographic, behavioral segmentation) 3) Form segments 4) Finer segmentation strategies 5) Strategic analysis of segments, if needed turn to #1. Target marketing involves breaking a market into segments and then concentrating your marketing efforts on one or a few key segments. Target marketing makes the promotion, pricing, conception and distribution of ideas/goods/services easier and more cost effective. It provides a FOCUS as Porter advi ced as one of the marketing strategies.It also provides Porter’s other strategy of being the COST LEADER. According to the Kotler and Keller’s book, steps in segmentation process are: 1) Needs- Based Segmentation 2) Segment Identification (demographic, behavioral .. distinctives) 3) Segment Attractiveness (market growth, access) 4) Segment Profitability 5) Segment Positioning (Create value – proposition and product-price positioning strategy) 6) Segment â€Å"Acid Test† (test the attractiveness of each segment’s positioning strategy) 7) Marketing –Mix Strategy( Product, Price, Promotion and Place aspects) [1].In automotive industry, companies generally segment the market according to demographic features (age, income, gender, family size, social class etc. )[4]. Demographic Features Age Factor In US, automobile buyers are mostly under age 25. For example Mazda has developed its MX-3 model, having shiny colours for ages around 20 and has deve loped its 929 model for middle aged people segment. From their advertisements, we can understand what the target segment is. A Japanese company has seen that the population’s average age is getting higher and targeted the segment of these old people.It manufactures an automobile which can detect the loss of attention of the driver. Toyota has maintained a simple radio system to Carry model for old people. General Motors placed a display which has big bright letters/numbers in front of the fore-glass of car for old people. But sometimes targeting may not be stable after segmenting according to age. For instance, Ford firstly manufactured Mustang model for youngs prefering low priced sportive automobile; but then they saw that this model is bought by all age groups of people. Gender Factor Women take place in working life more than before.So the target market structure changes day by day. Increasing income of a working woman and the quick time of city life the consumption behav iour changes and also total demand increases. Automobile manufacturers develop strategies according to this new market. An investigation made in US, states that woman spends lots of money for automobiles and they have a strong effect (80%) for buying a new car and their car-ownership percentage is 49%. Toyota observed that 60% of car owners of Toyota is woman. An interesting example of Volvo is: â€Å"A woman- team of Volvo has created a concept car designed only for women in 2004.It has many properties especially for shopping-hungry women. It has a motor that sends message to the service-center when the maintenance time comes. It has wide doors opening up and down, which makes it easy to get on and off with shopping packages†. In Turkey, the woman-effect can be seen in automobiles easily. In the wide spread of automatic gear in automobiles, there is an obvious woman effect. The automobiles having child security systems draws interest of woman. An investigation made by IBS Ma rketing Research company shows that a high percentage of woman prefences for an automobile is safety properties [4].If this is provided, then women prefer small automobiles. Income Factor The motor power, accessories, chassis of an automobile shows its class. The class of an automobile affects its price. People whose incomes are higher, prefers good quality, safety, performance and comfortable models. The most expensive cars are class E and F. For example Porche, BMW, Mercedes, Jaguar, Ferrari, Bugatti, Lamborghini are among the most expensive cars in the world. B and C class automobiles are for people having intermediate level of income. There are lots of kinds of automobile in these classes branded Toyota, Opel, Renault etc.This segment of cars has the biggest percentage of sales. Some companies by modifying the car’s function and equipments, targets low-income market segment. Only for this reason, Opel has manufactured a low-cost model for its China market. Toyota Yaris is one of the economic models. Dacia company also targeted the low-income market segment with its cheap automobiles [4]. Other segmenting variables, may be used in automotive industry are: * Geographic (country, climate, state, nation†¦ ) * Psychographic (lifestyle, activities, interests, opinions, personality, core values†¦ * Behavioral (occasions, benefits, loyalty status, buyer-readiness†¦ ) Market segments must rate favorably on five key criteria: 1) measurable (the size, purchasing power etc. ), 2) substantial (large and profitable), 3) accessible, 4) differentiable (distinguishable segments respond differently), 5) actionable [1]. CHOICE OF TARGET MARKET How well does a potential segment score on the five criteria mentioned above? Does a potential segment have characteristics that make it generally attractive, such as size, growth, profitability, scale economies, and low risk?Does investing in the segment make sense given the firm’s objectives, competencies , and resources? These questions should be asked before selecting the target market. The firm must look at two factors: 1) the segment’s overall attractiveness, and 2) the company’s objectives and resources [1]. Five Patterns of Target Market Selection Single-Segment Concentration Volkswagen concentrates on the small-car market and Porche on the sports car market. Through concentrated marketing, the firm gains a strong knowledge of the segment’s needs and achieves a strong market presence. However, there are risks.A particular market segment can turn sour or a competitor may invade the segment. For these reasons, many automotive companies prefer to operate in more than one segment. A benefit of this is a company carrying fixed costs (sales force, store outlets) can add products to absorb and share some costs. Selective Specialization A firm selects a number of segments, each promises to be a moneymaker. This multisegment strategy has the advantage of diversifyin g the firm’s risk. For example Mercedes selects premium segment (Sedan model) and young and alone consumer segment (Smart model).Product Specialization The firm makes a certain product that it sells to several different market segments. For example small cars are manufactured for different market segments such as young/alone consumers and small families living in crowded cities. Market Specialization The firm concentrates on serving many needs of a particular customer group. In automotive industry there is no such example that sells of all its products only to one kind of segment. For example an automotive company doesn’t produce for only old people or doesn’t produce for only high-income people.In order to compete in the industry they also have different product lines serving other segments too. However, Turk Traktor may be an exception, because it produces tractors for people dealing with agriculture. But this must not be considered as one segment. It also inc ludes more than one segments inside, such as high income and low income customers. Let’s remember that a segment must have five key criteria. These two segments do not have the same characteristics and responds differently to different marketing-mix elements (price, place, promotion and product).Full Market Coverage The firm attempts to serve all customer groups with all the products they might need. Only very large firms such as General Motors can undertake a full market strategy. Large firms can cover a whole market in two ways: through undifferentiated and differentiated marketing [1]. Undifferentiated or mass marketing is the result of the decision to aim its resources at the entire market with one particular product. For example Turk Traktor has a narrow product line that keeps down the costs of production, marketing research, advertising and product management.As a result, Turk Traktor, owned by Koc Holding, is one of the fastest growing companies in Turkey [5]. In diff erentiated marketing, the firm operates in several market segments and designs different products for each. In automotive industry, we can say that all automobile manufacturers aim several market segments such as high and low incomed, young and old, looking for comfort or usableness, women and men etc. POSITIONING Positioning is the act of designing the company’s offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the minds of the target market [1].Positioning is a managerial activity using marketing instruments, mainly promotional and communicational, to influence costumers’ perceptions and to secure a clear and distinctive place in their minds [6]. For an example of value proposition, see Table 6. The starting point for brand positioning is to determine â€Å"category membership†-the products or sets of products with which a brand competes and which function as close substitutes. To determine the proper competitive frame of reference, marketers need to underst and consumer behavior and the consideration sets consumers use in making brand choices.Then marketers must define the appropriate points-of-difference (PODs) and points-of-parity (POPs) (necessary conditions which should be included for brand choice) associations. POD of Lexus is quality. POP of BMW is performance and luxury with respect to performance cars and luxury cars. Because BMW positioned the brand as the only automobile that offered â€Å"both† luxury and performance [1]. Perceptual Maps Perceptual maps provide a visual picture of the positioning activity. They help you understand what consumers think about your and competitors’ brand and help you build an effective marketing strategy [7].One of the most important issues in producing perceptual maps is defining the proper range of competitive products. It has been found that perceptual maps of direct substitutes may better support positioning decisions. So, in an investigation made on Hungary automotive indust ry in 1997, they decided to include â€Å"only direct substitutes† from the medium and lower medium-sized car market in this country instead of â€Å"all† cars. As a result, after the surveys they made on consumers, the perceptual map was like that in the figure. The survey results in value-price relationship says that customers donot simply buy on price, they buy on value [6].So it is very important for an automotive company to position itself correctly. Value Map The analytical framework of the value-price relationship is often called the value-map. The horizontal axis of the value map quantifies the perceived benefits that a product provides to the customers, while the vertical axis represents the perceived price. Positions on the value equivalence line represent a balance between the value and price perceptions of a product. As seen in figure, Skoda and Lada have the value disadvantage and arenot positioned well in consumers’ minds.It is more difficult for m arketers to change perceptions than the physical features of the product [6]. APPENDIX (TABLES) Table 1: Players of the industry in Turkey (Sorted according to the ISO 500 list increasing row number) [3]: 2009 row number| Company| 3| FORD OTOMOTIV SANAYI A. S. | 5| TOFAS TURK OTOMOBIL FABRIKASI A. S. | 6| OYAK-RENAULT OTOMOBIL FABRIKALARI A. S. | 13| TOYOTA OTOMOTIV SANAYI TURKIYE A. S. | 22| MERCEDES-BENZ TURK A. S. | 43| HYUNDAI ASSAN OTOMOTIV SAN. VE TIC. A. S. | 71| MAN TURKIYE A. S. | 84| TURK TRAKTOR VE ZIRAAT MAKINELERI A. S. | 8| BMC SANAYI VE TICARET A. S. | 100| HONDA TURKIYE A. S. | 123| TEMSA GLOBAL SANAYI VE TIC. A. S| 134| OTOKAR OTOBUS KAROSERI SANAYI A. S. | 162| KARSAN OTOMOTIV SANAYII VE TICARET A. S. | 293| ANADOLU ISUZU OTOMOTIV SANAYI VE TIC. A. S. | Table 2: Automotive Vehicles Park in Turkey: Years| Personal Car| Truck| Pick-Up| Minibus| Bus| Tractor| Total| 1963| 72. 034| 49. 356| 30. 739| 7. 543| 11. 726| 50. 844| 222. 242| 1996| 3. 274. 156| 453. 796| 442. 788| 182. 694| 94. 978| 988. 142| 5. 436. 554| 2007| 6. 472. 156| 729. 202| 1. 890. 459| 372. 601| 189. 128| 1. 327. 334| 10. 80. 880| Table 3: Motor Vehicles by Types and Provinces for the year 2007 Provinces| Personal Car| Minibus| Bus| Pick up| Truck| Total| Agr? | 7. 513| 1. 945| 214| 2. 779| 2. 275| 14. 726| Ankara| 820. 355| 24. 777| 14. 922| 149. 602| 58. 797| 1. 068. 453| Bal? kesir| 103. 987| 4. 584| 3. 737| 35. 208| 11. 125| 158. 641| Diyarbak? r| 28. 864| 5. 253| 821| 11. 252| 6. 235| 52. 425| Gumushane| 4. 587| 1. 028| 116| 1. 805| 1. 151| 8. 687| Istanbul| 1. 711. 773| 63. 816| 49. 640| 447. 530| 130. 790| 2. 403. 549| Izmir| 457. 791| 14. 487| 15. 357| 150. 132| 36. 511| 674. 78| Mersin| 123. 253| 5. 679| 5. 047| 49. 872| 22. 059| 205. 910| S? rnak| 3. 326| 706| 50| 2. 085| 15. 961| 22. 128| Source: Turkey Statistics Foundation Table 4: Table5: Table 5 continued: Table 6: Example of Value Proposition [1]: Company and Product| Target Customers| Benefits| Price| Value Pr oposition| Volvo (station vagon)| Safety-conscious â€Å"upscale† families| Durability and safety| 20 % premium| The safest, most durable wagon in which your family can ride. | SOURCES 1. Marketing Management, P. Kotler & K. L. Keller, 13th ed. , Prentice Hall 2. Istanbul Ticaret Odas?Otomotiv Sektor Raporu, F. Karbuz & A. Silahc? & E. Cal? skan,2008 3. Otomotiv Sanayi Dernegi, Turkiye’nin 500 Buyuk Sanayi Kurulusu Icinde Otomotiv Sanayi Raporu, Temmuz 2010 4. Otomobil Sektorunde Uygulanan Onemli Demografik Bolumlendirme Kriterleri, Yrd. Doc. Dr. Bulent Bayraktar, 2005 5. http://www. turktraktor. com. tr 6. Segmenting the Hungarian automobile market brand using perceptual and value mapping, G. Rekettye & J. Liu, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, Oct 2000 7. http://hausmanmarketresearch. org/256/how-to-build-perceptual-maps/

Sickle Anemia And Its Effect On Today s Time - 2423 Words

Sickle -cell anemia is a very important subject to touch on in today’s time because many people honestly do not know what this is. Sickle -cell anemia is a severe hereditary form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels (SCDAA par .1). Also it is one of the most common diseases in the African American race. There are other races that this particular disease would show up in such as the Hispanics, and people of the South American descent. According to the American Society of Hematology there are a count for 70 ,000 to 100 ,000 African Americans suffering from this disease (American Society of Hematology par .1). Statistics also state that 1 in 12 African Americans even have the sickle cell trait (ASH par .4). By doing simple math, that means that over the course of a year, there are over 1 ,000 babies being born in the United States with that disease. I know if I was shocked by those numbers, there a re others out there who would be shocked too. I believe there should be more awareness thrown out there about sickle cell anemia because, it takes 2 parents with the trait to bring a child into this world unknowingly with the full blown disease. Throughout many countries sickle -cell often times gets sucked under the radar, when it really should be front in center because of the severity of this disease. Sickle -cell does not go away in a few days with a little bit of rest or medication, like theShow MoreRelatedSickle Cell Anemi Is The Most Common Inherited Blood Disorder? Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesSickle Cell Anemia is a group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down. Sickle Cell Anemia affects many people all over the world; Sickle cell disease  is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (Ashley-Koch, Yang and Olney). 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